{"Abbreviation":["2,4-D"],"Adverse Effects":"Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.","Aliases":["2,4-D","(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid","Rhodia","Fernimine","Netagrone","Vergemaster","Agrotect","Amoxone","Dicopur","Dormone","Tributon","Estone","Ipaner","Moxone","Phenox","Pielik","B-Selektonon","Crop rider","Pennamine D","Weed-Rhap","Weed-ag-bar","Weedone lv4","Chloroxone","Herbidal","Weedatul"],"Biological Half-Life":"Whole body: 220 hours (reduced to 4-7 hours by urinary alkalinization); mean plasma 1/2 life: 12 hours; [TDR, p. 510]","Boiling Point":"Decomposes (NTP, 1992)","CAS":"94-75-7","ChEBI":"CHEBI:28854","ChEMBL":"CHEMBL367623","ChemicalClasses":["carboxylic acid"],"Chirality":"achiral","Classes":["Herbicide"],"Color/Form":"White to yellow crystalline powder /SRP: yellow color is phenolic impurities/","Decomposition":"When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /chlorides/.","Density":"1.563 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink g/cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e","EINECS":"202-361-1","Ecotoxicity Values":"LC50; Species: Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard Duck) age 10 days; dietary (chemical incorporated into food) \u003e5620 ppm for 8 days","Esters":[],"European Community (EC) Number":"202-361-1","Formating":[],"HMDB ID":"HMDB0041797","Health Effects":"All forms of 2,4-D are considered low in toxicity when absorbed via skin or via inhalation. The acid and salt forms of 2,4-D are highly toxic to eye tissue.  Long term chronic exposure to 2,4-D has been linked to non-Hodgkins lymphoma and Parkinson’s disease but these are epidemiological associations only.  2,4-D is also reported to have negative effects on the endocrine system (specifically the thyroid and gonads) and immune system. 2,4-D displaces sex hormones from the protein (sex hormone binding globulin) that normally transports these hormones in the blood.  2,4-D reduces the activity of several proteins important to immune system function. Researchers at NIOSH have demonstrated a decreased production of cells responsible for making antibodies in mice bone marrow, in addition to decreased T-cells, produced in the thymus.","HeavyAtomCount":13,"Human Toxicity Values":"The mean lethal human dose of 2,4-D  is approximately 28 g.","IUPACName":"2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid","InChI":"InChI=1S/C8H6Cl2O3/c9-5-1-2-7(6(10)3-5)13-4-8(11)12/h1-3H,4H2,(H,11,12)","InChIKey":"OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N","Interactions":"The toxic effects of a widely used herbicide (Dikamin D containing 72% 2,4-D-amine Na as active ingredient) applied alone or in combination with three heavy elements (copper sulphate, cadmium sulphate and lead acetate) modelling the heavy metal load of the environment were studied on chicken embryos with injection treatment. The treatment was done on day 0 of incubation. Solutions and emulsions of different concentrations were made from the test materials and injected in 0.1 mL volume into the air space of eggs. The macroscopical evaluations were done on day 19 of the incubation. Summarizing the findings, it can be established that the individual administration of the 72% 2,4-D containing herbicide formulation was less toxic compared to the control group than the simultaneous administration of the pesticide and heavy elements. As compared with each other the results from the combined administrations of the 72% 2,4-D containing herbicide formulation and heavy elements the simultaneous administration of cadmium and the herbicide caused the highest embryomortality while the incidence of developmental anomalies were the highest in the interaction study of the copper and the pesticide. /Dikamin D/","LD50":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"375 mg/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"1500 mg/kg","route":"skin"},{"amount":"666 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"}],"organism":"Rat"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"347 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Mouse"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"100 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Dog"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"1400 mg/kg","route":"skin"},{"amount":"400 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"400 mg/kg","route":"intravenous"}],"organism":"Rabbit"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"666 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"},{"amount":"469 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Guinea pig"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"500 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Hamster"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"375 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Mammal (species unspecified)"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"541 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Chicken"}],"LDLo":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"80 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Human"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"125 mg/kg","route":"intraperitoneal"}],"organism":"Mouse"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"800 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Rabbit"},{"dosages":[{"amount":"93 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Human - male"}],"MeSH Pharmacological Classification":"Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.","Melting Point":"280 °","MolecularFormula":"C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eCl\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e","MolecularWeight":"221.03 g/mol","Non-Human Toxicity Values":"LD50 Mouse ingestion 521 mg/kg","Odor":"Oodorless","Physical Description":"2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an odorless white to tan solid. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)","PubChemId":1486,"RefCount":3,"RefCur":"","References":[{"Name":"Wikipedia","Urls":[{"Link":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Wikidata","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209222","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"PubChem","Urls":[{"Link":"https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1486","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEMBL","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL367623","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"ChEBI","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28854","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"Common Chemistry","Urls":[{"Link":"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=94-75-7","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"HMDB","Urls":[{"Link":"https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0041797","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"KEGG","Urls":[{"Link":"https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C03664","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"UNII","Urls":[{"Link":"https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/2577AQ9262","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]},{"Name":"EPA DSSTox","Urls":[{"Link":"https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID0020442","Name":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Sub":false}]}],"Refs":["National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1486, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Accessed September 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1486\u003ehttps://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1486\u003c/a\u003e","U.S. Food and Drug Administration; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. UNII: 2577AQ9262. Global Substance Registration System. Accessed September 13, 2025. \u003ca href=https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/2577AQ9262\u003ehttps://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/2577AQ9262\u003c/a\u003e"],"Reported Fatal Dose":"80-800 mg/kg (Oral) (A5641)","SMILES":"C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)OCC(=O)O","SaltData":[],"Salts":[],"Solubility":"Decomposes (NTP, 1992)","Stability/Shelf Life":"Stable under recommended storage conditions.","StereoisomerData":[],"Stereoisomers":[],"Structure":"\u003csvg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" style=\"display:block\" viewBox=\"0 0 90.133 74.76\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" fill=\"#fff\"/\u003e\u003cdesc\u003eGenerated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk)\u003c/desc\u003e\u003cg fill=\"#ff0d0d\" stroke=\"#000\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\".7\"\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M0 0h91v75H0z\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"mol\"\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m46.723 64.05 13.201 7.63M49.161 62.642l10.764 6.222\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m46.723 64.05-.003-15.249\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m59.92 41.183-13.2 7.618M59.919 43.999l-10.76 6.21\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m59.92 41.183 13.201 7.631\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m73.124 64.062-.003-15.248M70.685 62.654l-.002-12.433\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m59.924 71.68 13.2-7.618M73.124 64.062l10.253 5.92M59.92 41.183l.003-11.321M46.72 48.801l-9.923-5.729M33.522 37.26V25.941M33.522 25.941l-13.198-7.62\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cg class=\"bond\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M19.104 19.025V7.002M21.543 19.025V7.002\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"M19.104 7.002v6.011M21.543 7.002v6.011\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m20.324 18.321-9.92 5.727\" class=\"bond\"/\u003e\u003cpath fill=\"#1ff01f\" stroke=\"none\" d=\"M86.816 69.706q-.786 0-1.238.53-.452.524-.452 1.446 0 .911.416 1.447.423.53 1.268.53.322 0 .607-.054.292-.059.566-.143v.536q-.274.101-.566.149-.291.053-.696.053-.744 0-1.25-.309-.5-.31-.75-.875-.25-.572-.25-1.34 0-.744.268-1.309.273-.566.803-.881.53-.322 1.28-.322.78 0 1.352.286l-.245.524q-.226-.101-.506-.185-.273-.083-.607-.083m2.757 4.423h-.601v-5.215h.601zM60.419 23.967q-.786 0-1.239.53-.452.524-.452 1.446 0 .911.417 1.447.422.53 1.268.53.321 0 .607-.054.291-.059.565-.143v.536q-.274.101-.565.149-.292.053-.697.053-.744 0-1.25-.309-.5-.31-.75-.875-.25-.572-.25-1.34 0-.744.268-1.309.274-.566.804-.881.529-.322 1.279-.322.78 0 1.352.286l-.244.524q-.226-.101-.506-.185-.274-.083-.607-.083m2.756 4.423h-.601v-5.215h.601z\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"none\" d=\"M35.781 41.178q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.732 0 1.232.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.221.53.839 0 1.22-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.208-.524-.834 0-1.227.524-.393.523-.393 1.452M22.583 3.078q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.244.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.757-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.251-.566.757-.881T20.339.56q.732 0 1.232.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.221.53.839 0 1.22-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.208-.524-.834 0-1.227.524-.393.523-.393 1.452\" class=\"atom\"/\u003e\u003cg stroke=\"none\" class=\"atom\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"M9.385 25.938q0 .756-.256 1.328-.256.565-.756.881-.5.315-1.245.315-.756 0-1.262-.315-.506-.316-.756-.887-.244-.572-.244-1.334 0-.75.244-1.309.25-.566.756-.881t1.274-.316q.733 0 1.233.316.5.309.756.875.256.565.256 1.327m-3.864 0q0 .923.387 1.459.393.53 1.22.53.84 0 1.221-.53.387-.536.387-1.459 0-.929-.387-1.452-.381-.524-1.209-.524-.833 0-1.226.524-.393.523-.393 1.452M4.305 28.391h-.62v-2.286H1.173v2.286H.56v-4.9h.613v2.072h2.512v-2.072h.62z\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#1ff01f\" d=\"m83.377 69.982-5.127-2.96M59.923 29.862l-.001 5.661\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003cpath stroke=\"#ff0d0d\" d=\"m36.797 43.072 4.961 2.865M33.522 37.26V31.6M10.404 24.048l4.96-2.864M10.404 24.048l4.96-2.864\" class=\"hi\"/\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/g\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e","Subjective Effects":null,"TDLo":[{"dosages":[{"amount":"2 gm/kg","route":"oral"},{"amount":"5714 mg/kg","route":"oral"}],"organism":"Human - male"}],"Title":"2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","Toxicity Data":"LC50 (rat) \u003e 1,790 mg/m3","Treatment":"The general treatment of acute chlorophenoxy herbicide poisoning consists of decontamination of the gastrointestinal tract, resuscitation and supportive care. For severe, acute oral poisoning by 2,4-D forced alkaline diuresis appears to be most effective (A7734). Forced alkaline diuresis is often used to increase the excretion of acidic drugs like salicylates and phenobarbitone. For forced alkaline diuresis, a diuretic like furosemide is given intravenously and sodium bicarbonate is added to the infusion fluid to make blood and, in turn, urine alkaline. Potassium replacement becomes of utmost importance during the process because potassium is usually lost in urine. If blood levels of potassium are depleted below normal levels, then hypokalemia occurs, which promotes bicarbonate ion retention and prevents bicarbonate excretion, thus interfering with the alkalinization of the urine.","UNII":"2577AQ9262","Wikidata":"Q209222","Wikipedia":"2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid","XLogP":2.8,"pH":"2,4-D is a strong acid"}